- War and Natural Gas: The Israeli Invasion and Gaza’s Offshore Gas Fields - Part 1
liberty and freedom | war and natural gas: the israeli invasion and gaza's offshore gas fields - part 1
- イベ 9/26、27
like a green聴きたいわ
- ケネス・ウォルツの国際政治理論 (3)
low-level explanations are repeatedly defeated, for the similarity and repetition of international outcomes persist despite wide variations in the attributes and in the interactions of the agents that supposedly cause them. how can one account for the disjunction of observed causes and effects? when seeming causes vary more than their supposed effects, we know that causes have been incorrectly or incompletely specified. the repeated failure of attempts to explain international outcomes analytically - that is, through examination of interacting units - strongly signals the need for a systems approach. if the same effects follow from different causes, then constraints must be operating on the independent variables in ways that affect outcomes. one cannot incorporate the constraints by treating them as one or more of the independent variables with all of them at the same level, because the constraints may operate on all of the independent variables and because they do so in different ways as systems change. because one cannot achieve that incorporation, reduction is not possibly adequate, and an analytic approach must give way to a systemic one. (pp. 67-68) 統計学者は上の主張に対してどう返答するのだろうか
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