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ノルウェーの armauer hansen
感染しても発病はまれ、、発症してもすぐなおる
- Eric Hobsbawm on multiculturalism | Andrew Brown
A 2003 interview with Eric Hobsbawm illuminates his views on Tito's Yugoslavia and the future of multiculturalismIn 2003 I made a BBC Radio 4 Analysis programme on ethnic cleansing, inspired, in part, by a profile I had written for this paper of Benny Morris, who believes in it. Half way through the research, I was at the annual Guardian features party, and there, sitting alone in a corner amid the drums and bass, was Eric Hobsbawm. I went over and we shouted at each other until we had agreed an interview about nationalities and how they can live together. Some of it was used in the programme, but there are still some interesting fragments in the transcript. Here is one: AB: You say that [ethnic cleansing] shouldn't be accepted, but can we hope to roll it back? To take a practical example – when you look at Kosovo, is there any way in which a fractured, formerly multi-ethnic society can be put back together?EH: Well it was done. It was done in Yugoslavia under Tito, so the fact is it can be done. If you start splitting societies, that is the safest recipe for ethnic cleansing - whether it's multi-national societies or multi-national empires, that's what happens - so my answer would be avoid splitting societies.AB: [But] I don't see that the United Nations could ever use Tito's methods. Or should actually.EH: What was Tito's method in this respect?AB: Well I mean he ran a full on Stalinist dictatorship which did indeed suppress an awful lot of inter-ethnic bad feeling, but at a price which I don't think that the United Nations could possibly pay.EH: I think you make a mistake there. You see Tito believed in fact in Yugoslavia as a mixture or a federation of equal nations. The only really bad feeling he created was against the Serbs, who had been used to being rather pre エリックホブズボーム2003年のインタビューは、ティトのユーゴスラビアで私は、部分的に民族浄化、インスピレーションにBBCラジオ4解析プログラムを作った彼の意見をmulticulturalismIn 2003の将来の点灯、私はベニーモリスは、と考えているのはこの論文の書かれていたプロファイルでそれです
- Re-repairing Bosnia after Dayton | Morton Abramowitz and James Hooper
Europe must end its diplomatic indifference to Bosnia's need for reform if it is to prevent a breakdown in the fragile status quoBosnia's future is becoming increasingly uncertain. An ethnic veto has long made the central government ineffective and, most recently, Milorad Dodik, the leader of the Serb-controlled entity Republika Srpska, has responded to efforts at reform with a threat to hold a referendum on independence.Many consider secession unlikely, but Dodik's threat does heighten fears that today's fragile status quo could break down. While nobody expects the mass violence of the 1990s to recur, that does not justify diplomatic indifference and inaction.The Dayton Accords of 1995 ended Serb-instigated ethnic cleansing and established peace in Bosnia. But that agreement did not create a functional Bosnian central government with the capacity to undertake the reforms needed to meet the terms of accession to the European Union.To appease Bosnian Serbs led by Slobodan Milosevic (who died while on trial for war crimes), Radovan Karadzic (who remains on trial for war crimes) and Ratko Mladic (who was indicted for war crimes and is still on the run in Serbia), the west accepted the territorial division of Bosnia at the end of the war. This acceptance was manifested in a constitutional structure that gave the Bosnian Serb region quasi-independence and the power to obstruct the emergence of an effective central government in Sarajevo.The EU, having helped rescue Bosnia from its past by mortgaging its future, seems in no hurry to change the country's purgatory-like status. European leaders have allowed their most useful tool for preserving the peace and leveraging change – the once-respected office of the high representative – to be diminished to the point that many Bosnia それは、脆弱な状態quoBosniaの将来への破壊を防ぐために、ヨーロッパ改革のための、ボスニアの必要とする外交の無関心を終了する必要がますます不透明になっている
- Kyrgyzstan: Mob rule in Osh | Editorial
More than 100 people have been killed and ethnic Uzbek enclaves are burning but coherent international reaction is missingWhat is taking place in the cities of Osh and Jalal-Abad in southern Kyrgyzstan is an old-fashioned central Asian pogrom, a brutal act of ethnic cleansing. Uzbeks, who constitute about one-third of the population in southern Kyrgyzstan, are being burned out of their homes by mobs of Kyrgyz armed with automatic rifles, iron bars and machetes, while the local police stand by and do nothing. Not only Uzbeks, but ethnic Russians and Tartars also find themselves in the eye of the storm.The provisional government of Roza Otunbayeva has lost control and is only now starting to mobilise its armed forces to stop the civil violence. More than 100 people have been killed in the last five days, but the final death toll will be probably much higher. Ethnic Uzbek enclaves are burning, and more than 70,000 people have fled for their lives across the Uzbek border. What is missing is any coherent international reaction.Those who persist in seeing Moscow's hidden hand behind every outbreak of unrest in the former Soviet space are being disabused of their illusions. The Kyrgyz mobs burning Uzbek homes are, for one thing, on the wrong side. If anything, they are supporters of the former so-called pro-democracy leader Kurmanbek Bakiyev, the man whom Moscow was accused of helping to oust. If the mob violence is anything, it serves as a prime excuse for Russian intervention, as clear a reason as the Georgian attack on South Ossetia was. Soviet troops were sent by Mikhail Gorbachev to quell ethnic unrest in Osh in 1990, so there is even a precedent. But Russia refused to intervene, despite an appeal by the provisional president of Kyrgyzstan. Nor was there any evidence that 100人以上の人が殺されてきた民族ウズベク飛び地の焼き付けが首尾一貫した国際的な反応ですmissingWhatです南部キルギスタンのオシとジャラルアバドの都市で行われている昔ながらの中央アジア虐殺、民族浄化の残忍な行為です
- Ethnic Albanians and Serbs clash in divided Kosovo town
Local elections in north of Mitrovica draw angry response that puts Kosovo sovereignty in the spotlightRiot police in Kosovo used tear gas and pepper spray today to separate hundreds of ethnic Albanian protesters from rock-throwing Serbs voting in local Serbian elections in the divided town of Mitrovica.Nato peacekeepers and EU police units were also deployed to prevent clashes on the bridge that splits the town into a Serbian north and an Albanian south.Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008, but Serbia rejected the move and, with the backing of Russia, has fought to keep nations around the world from recognising Kosovo. Some 70 nations, including the United States, support Kosovo's independence.The Kosovo split came a decade after its 1998-1999 war with Serbia, which ended with Nato bombing Serb forces for weeks in 1999 to stop an ethnic cleansing campaign against Kosovo's mostly ethnic Albanian population.Today, about 2,000 ethnic Albanians, led by veterans of the war, protested a vote in the Serb part of Mitrovica that they considered a breach of Kosovo's sovereignty.Singing nationalist songs and chanting the name of the now-disbanded guerrilla army that fought Serb forces in Kosovo, they marched towards the bridge, where police held back hundreds of Serb counter-demonstrators who were throwing rocks and setting off fireworks.Police used tear gas and pepper spray to disperse Serb protesters trying to charge across the bridge. Minutes later, automatic gunfire came from the north, but police did not report any injuries.Protesters on both sides dispersed an hour later, although Nato peacekeepers and EU police officers stayed to guard the bridge spanning the Ibar river – a natural frontier between the two estranged communities that has been a frequent scene of ミトロヴィツァの北の地方選挙は、ガスや催涙スプレーを涙を使用今日岩は、セルビア人、ローカルセルビア選挙でミトロヴィツァの分割の町の議決投げからアルバニア系住民の抗議者が別の何百ものコソボspotlightRiot警察ではコソボの主権を置く怒って応答を描画します
- Abkhazia has been fooled by Russia | Giorgi Badridze
The Abkhaz now have a choice: be an outpost of the Russian empire or work together with a European GeorgiaAnna Matveeva is right to remind us that Abkhazia was once the favoured holiday destination of the Soviet elite. But she omits to mention it is also the homeland of thousands of ethnic Georgians who were expelled from their properties in a brutal ethnic cleansing exercise implemented by the Russian-supported separatists. Their homes now lie in ruins, as they live in temporary housing in Georgia dreaming of the day they will return.The sad truth, as Matveeva hinted at in her article, is that the Abkhaz people were fooled by Russia. The Kremlin stirred up paranoia over Georgian intentions, armed separatist fighters and deployed troops before the invasion of 2008 under the guise of security. But the Russian objective was not to help the Abkhaz gain independence or to hand them the lands of ethnic Georgians, it was to subsume the territory into the greater Russia and to destabilise the government of Georgia, so that Georgian ambitions to join the Euroatlantic community were snuffed out.The reality is now dawning on the Abkhaz: instead of independence they have got Russian annexation. Thousands of Russian soldiers and workers have moved in, and they are not likely to be heading back anytime soon, if ever.The rivers and coastlines of Abkhazia are being pillaged to provide construction materials for the Sochi Olympics, threatening environmental disaster in the years to come. Russian companies, such as Rosneft, are scouring the land searching for assets to exploit. The Abkhaz have become puppets, and we all know who is pulling the strings.I am the first to admit that Georgia has not got everything right in relations with our Abkhaz compatriots. We should have been more unde アブハーズは選択肢があります：ロシア帝国の前哨されるか、一緒にヨーロッパGeorgiaAnnaマトベーエワで動作する私たちがアブハジア自治共和国はかつてソ連のエリート待。休日の行先した思い出させる権利である
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