- Breakthrough test gives fast diagnosis of drug-resistant TB
A groundbreaking new test can accurately diagnose drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in as little as two hours, researchers wrote in a study published Thursday in the New England Journal of Medicine.The test -- remarkable not only for its ease-of-use and accuracy, but its cost-effectiveness -- works on the molecular level, identifying genetic markers for the illness in the saliva of test subjects.Researchers said the result is a far quicker diagnosis than when using traditional testing methods. 画期的な新しいテストは正確に)わずか2時間で薬剤耐性結核(結。診断できますが、研究チームは木曜日ニューイングランドジャーナルオブMedicine.Theテストの公開に書き込みました - 驚くべきその使いやすさの使用だけでなくと精度が、その費用対効果 - 作品分子レベルで、テストsubjects.Researchersの唾液中に病気の遺伝子マーカーを識別結果は、従来の試験方法を使用する場合よりもはるかに早く診断だ
- Would a badger cull be justified? | Poll
Poll: A plan to shoot badgers to prevent the spread of bovine TB has caused outrage among conservation groups, while many farmers say it will protect their cattle. Do you think a cull would be justified?
世論調査:多くの農家がそれは彼らの家畜を保護すると言う一方、ウシ結核のまん延を防ぐために、アナグマを撮影する計画は、環境保護団体の間で怒りを引き起こした
- Neglected tropical diseases: how the G8 can help to combat them | Simon Bush
Programmes designed to control these diseases, some of which can kill, are among the most cost effective in public health – and need more aid fundingAs G8 leaders meet in Deauville, we wait to hear what pledges will be reaffirmed, what action will be agreed, and what issues will be avoided.Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), a group of 13 parasitic and bacterial infections, affect more than 1.4 billion of the world's poorest people. These diseases, some of which can kill or cause severe physical impairment, have made it on to the G8 agenda in the past.For three years running, the G8 member states have made pledges to address NTDs. Even better, some have made positive steps. The UK and US governments, in particular, have strongly supported NTD control. In 2008, the UK government committed £50m towards tackling NTDs and as part of President Obama's global health initiative; $155m has been requested from the US congressional budget for the control and elimination of seven of the NTDs from 2011 to 2015, building on previous commitments.But, what about the G8 countries yet to act on their commitments?NTDs produce a burden of disease that may be equivalent to half of sub-Saharan Africa's malaria burden and more than double that caused by tuberculosis. Yet despite the overwhelming need, NTDs represented just 0.6% of total international development assistance for health until 2010.More frustrating is that for years Sightsavers and many NGOs like us have been showing how effectively these devastating diseases can be treated and controlled. Programmes designed to control NTDs are among the most cost effective in public health, not least because there is a wealth of pharmaceutical companies, among them Merck, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson and GlaxoSmithKline, willing to donate the dru いくつかの殺すことができるこれらの疾患を制御するために設計されたプログラムは、公衆衛生の中で最も費用対効果の間にある - とG8首脳は、ドーヴィルでの出会いをより多くの援助のfundingAsを必要とする、我々は、再確認したものは、アクション合意される公約がどうなるかを聞くのを待つと問題は、熱。疾患(Ntds)が、13の寄生や細菌感染のグループavoided.Neglectedされるかに影響を与える世界で最も貧しい人々以上の1400000000
- WHO Says TB Blood Test Inaccurate
Researchers say blood tests have contributed to increasing number of TB infections in India 研究者は血液検査は、インドにおける結核感染の増加に貢献してきたと言う
- Unity bloc leading Latvian parliamentary elections
The Unity bloc has won in the Latvia's parliamentary elections, preliminary results released by the Central Election Commission (CVK) show on Sunday.
According to the preliminary count of votes from 1,004 out of 1,013 polling stations, the Unity has received 30.72 percent of votes. The Harmony Center comes second with 25.69 percent of votes. The Greens and Farmers Union (ZZS) is third with 19.42 percent.
The alliance For a Good Latvia (PLL) and the National Alliance All for Latvia - TB/LNN ... Unityのブロックは、日曜日のショー選挙管理委員会(CVK)中央が発表した結果は、議会選挙、予選でラトビアの獲得しています
- British aid is working wonders in India – don't listen to the sceptics | Natasha Kaplinsky
Western aid does more harm than good? Tell that to the 500,000 people who were saved from dying from TB in 2007-08One little boy's face continues to haunt me. I met him on a visit with Save the Children earlier this year to the Sanjay slum in Rajasthan in India. His mother had named him Lucky – a name with something of a hollow ring. He can have been no more than 18 months old.Lucky had no shoes, few clothes and was living in the kind of place familiarised by Slumdog Millionaire. The Sanjay slum is home to 11,000 people. There, people live in nothing more than dirt piles, children play in raw sewage and, until recently, there was no doctor within a 10-mile radius. I couldn't help comparing Lucky to my own son, but because of where Arlo was born, he was destined for a very different life.But Lucky's life can, and is, being changed thanks to foreign aid. That is why it is fundamentally wrong to say that western aid is nothing more than a gimmick doing more harm than good. Tell that to the 500,000 people who were saved from dying from TB in 2007-08 thanks to foreign aid; to the four million Africans who have been placed on treatment for Aids since 2002, or the 40 million more children going to school. Those figures don't sound like a gimmick to me – and they hopefully don't sound like a gimmick to the many thousands who donated.Of course it is right that the money we give should be spent effectively; it hasn't always been in the past. The government's aid review last week said there will be a much more focused approach, looking closely at programmes that have clear results, concentrating on fewer countries and backing the UN agencies that prove they are performing well. In terms of austerity at home, this emphasis on value for money is right. Aid programmes, like other are 欧米の援助は良いことより害を及ぼすか?私を悩ませ続けて2007 - 08One少年の顔に結核で死亡するから保存された50万人に言って
- Living with HIV in Latin America
Elena Reynaga is a sex worker and regional co-ordinator of the Latin America and Caribbean Network of Sex Workers (RedTraSex)Sex workers are one of the groups most vulnerable to HIV. Stigma, discrimination and violence make it harder for us to reach them with HIV services. However, prevention campaigns aimed at sex workers can reduce the number of HIV infections that result from paid sex.Thousands of women the RedTraSex network has not yet reached suffer the injustice of the double standards of a society that consumes the services they provide but discriminates against them at the same time.I became a sex worker because I thought people were worth what they had in luxuries and appearance, and I wanted to be like them. Over the years I realised how our worth is defined by the values and principles that we have inside.When I started, no one told me about the stigma and discrimination and police repression that I would suffer – but if I were born again I would do the same.Sex workers arrive at RedTraSex national offices often feeling guilty as a result of years of a sexist environment and culture. We need to share our knowledge and passion to empower women to decide whether they want to be sex workers or not.There is a real lack of government commitment for universal access in Latin America. There is a huge gap on HIV prevention programmes and on the sustainability of the existing efforts. If the Global Fund to Fight Aids, TB and Malaria leaves, many programmes may stop as well.Injustice inspires me to keep working every day. We, the sex workers, have made great changes and we will keep inspiring people to join our task to combat HIV and Aids and tackle stigma and discrimination.Aids and HIVHIV infectionguardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2011 | Use of this エレナReynagaは、セックスワーカー、ラテンアメリカとセックス労働者のカリブネットワーク(RedTraSex)セックス労働者は、グループで最もHIV感染に対する脆弱性の一つである地域コーディネーターです
- HIV babies' lives at risk in drug giant's plans to close factory, claim NGOs
Aids organisations are alarmed by plans from pharmaceutical company Bristol Myers Squibb to suspend the manufacture of a vital HIV drugHard to imagine a pharmaceutical company could so comprehensively shoot itself in the foot, but apparently, the drug giant Bristol Myers Squibb is about to shut down a factory in France that makes the only cheap Aids drug that can keep up to 7,000 babies alive in the developing world. Just imagine the headlines.Do tell us it is not true, Bristol Myers Squibb. But so far, your chief executive Lamberto Andreotti has not even acknowledged a letter of protest from some of the board members of UNITAID - which tries to facilitate access to Aids drugs in poor countries.So in the absence of any response, these board members, who represent NGOs and communities affected by HIV/Aids on the board of the Geneva-based organisation, are going public today with their letter to you. In case it has been lost in the post after all, this is what they say:Dear Mr Andreotti, We, the UNITAID board members representing NGOs, and Communities affected by HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria, are writing to you to express our deep concern that Bristol-Myers Squibb is to close a factory in France that manufactures a second line anti-retroviral medicine for children infected with HIV/AIDS who weigh less than 10 kg: buffered didanosine (ddI) in the 25 mg formulation. Closing this factory means that 4,000 to 7,000 babies currently enrolled in treatment plans in developing countries through UNITAID could be left without the medicines they need. Didanosine is the last therapeutic option for these babies and without it they may die. We understand that closure of the plant will take place in June of this year, with no plans for resumption of production before April of 2011 at the エイズ組織は製薬会社ブリストルマイヤーズスクイブ社から計画重要なのHIV drugHardの製造を停止するのように総合的に足自体を撃つことが製薬会社を想像する、警戒しているが、どうやら、薬の巨大なブリストルマイヤーズスクイブ社はシャットダウンすることですフランスの発展途上国で最大7,000赤ちゃんを生かしておくことができる唯一の格安エイズ薬を作る工場
- Is this the answer to latent TB?
Only 10% of people with latent tuberculosis go on to develop the active disease. Monica Desai asks who stands to benefit if the latest research bears fruitTuberculosis. Surely that's not a disease we worry about in the UK?Unfortunately, that's far from the truth. It is true that of the 9 million people who develop TB every year, the largest number of cases are in south-east Asia. The disease kills 1.8 million people per year according to the World Health Organisation, that's about the same number as die from Aids.However, it's not just a disease of the developing world. In the UK, we've seen a rise to more than 9,000 new cases per year. That's more than the number of new diagnoses of leukaemia every year in the UK.But not everyone who is exposed to TB gets the disease. More than a third of the world's population has been exposed to TB, resulting in an immune response, but only one in 10 of these people will go on to develop the active disease, with symptoms such as cough, fever and weight loss. Exposure without these symptoms is called latent TB.Current tests for TB do a poor job of distinguishing between who will go on to develop active disease and who won't. As a result, we're unnecessarily treating nine of every 10 people with latent TB.Conventional treatment for latent TB is a long regimen of drugs, such as isoniazid. There is some good evidence that this prevents the active disease from developing. But there are also problems: first off, who wants to take a drug every day for nine months, when they don't have symptoms of the disease? And how long should the treatment go on for? Three months or as long as a year? There is no marker to identify that the latent disease has been successfully treated.TB drugs can cause liver damage and nerve problems. As a result, in th 潜。結核を持つ人々の10%だけがアクティブに疾患を発症するに進みます
- Private clinics in Africa to sell essential malaria drugs at affordable prices
Parents of children with malaria are forced to buy cheap but ineffective drugs from private stores because of the failures of the cash-strapped public sector - but subsidies from donors will now make the best treatment affordable.In an ideal world, a mother living in a malarial part of Africa would be able to go to her local government health clinic and get the best possible treatment for her sick baby. In practice, as I discovered when visiting the development project in Katine, northern Uganda, that the Guardian supports, there are frequent stock-outs in the public health facilities.Sometimes she doesn't even bother going to the clinic - she heads for the familiar local drug store, where they sell her cheap drugs, like quinine and chloroquine, which no longer work very well because of resistance. The drug shops don't have what she really needs, artimisinin combination therapy - and she couldn't afford it if they did.So it's great news that this reality has been recognised. The private clinics where 60% of people buy their malaria medicines are going to get subsidised supplies of artimisinin combination therapy (ACT). The Global Fund to fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria, has just announced that six manufacturers - a mix of big pharma and generics - have signed deals to provide good quality ACT to the private sector in eight countries.The price will be subsidised massively through an arrangement called the Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria. Importers and others involved have promised to pass the savings down the line to make sure that the drugs are affordable for families who need them. At the moment, ACTs are only 5% of the malaria drugs bought in private stores. But the older, ineffective medicines need to be driven out of the market, says the Fund.The Clinton マラリアの子供の親は、資金繰りが苦しい公共部門の故障のためのプライベートストアから安くて効果の薬を購入することを余儀なくされます - しかし、ドナーからの補助金は現在最良の治療affordable.In理想的な世界では、母親の生活になるアフリカのマラリアの部分は、彼女の地方政府の診療所に行って、彼女の病気の赤ちゃんのために最良の治療を受けることができるでしょう
- Haggling over the price of children's lives
Trials show a new vaccine can slash deaths from diarrhoea, which kills half a million children in poor countries every year. But will donors have to choose between paying for that or supporting Aids, TB and malaria care?Good news at the end of last week - rotavirus vaccine works in Africa and Asia, protecting children against diarrhoea, one of their biggest killers. Trial results published in the Lancet clearly show that vaccines which are already licensed for use in the wealthier parts of the world can save lives in poor countries too. Severe rotavirus gastroenteritis kills half a million children a year. Even before these trials, the World Health Organisation had recommended all countries introduce the vaccine. This is Dr John C Victor of PATH in Seattle, which helped run trials in Bangladesh and Vietnam:With a WHO recommendation for rotavirus vaccines now in place, governments of developing countries in Africa and Asia are deciding how to prioritise introduction of rotavirus vaccine in their public health agendas. Our trial shows that a live oral rotavirus vaccine has the potential to halve the incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in developing populations in Asia. Alongside efficacy results for this vaccine in Africa, our study supports WHO's strong recommendation for expansion of rotavirus vaccine use to the poorest nations in Africa and Asia. Rotavirus vaccines have the potential to protect the lives of nearly 2 million children in the next decade alone.And here are Dr George E Armah, University of Ghana, and Dr Kathleen M Neuzil, also of PATH, who ran the Africa trial:In Africa, where young children are dying from diarrhoeal disease and prompt medical care is often out of reach, the need to prevent rotavirus is especially urgent. Introduction of rotaviru 試験は、新しいワクチンは、毎年貧しい国々で50万人の子供を殺す下痢、死亡を大幅に削減できることを示す
- Alarm over TB/HIV deaths
Two global health agencies joined forces on Thursday in a campaign aimed at averting 200,000 deaths each year by co-infection from tuberculosis and the AIDS virus. 2つの世界の健康機関は木曜日のキャンペーン20年に結核から共同感染とエイズウイルスによって毎年の回避を目的とした軍に参加しました
- Can the Global Fund weather the corruption storm?
Germany, Ireland and Sweden have suspended payments to the Global Fund to fight Aids, TB and Malaria over the corrupt use of grants by African countries. Could the media storm trigger a domino effect among donors that could severely undermine the fund's capacity to help the poor?Until a few days ago, the Global Fund to fight Aids, TB and Malaria had the enviable reputation of being one of the cleanest and safest channels of donor money to the poor in the developing world. Everybody knows there is corruption in Africa - but it never tainted the Global Fund. But now Germany, the third biggest donor to the fund after the US and France, has suspended the €200m it pledged for 2011, asking for an investigation into the fraud and misuse of money in four countries - Mauritania, Mali, Zambia and Djibouti. Ireland has also put its wallet away for the moment, delaying a decision on whether to continue its donations to the fund.What a difference a few days makes - and how fragile is reputation. The fund now fears a domino effect. As bank crashes have taught us, loss of confidence can do terrible things. And at a time of economic recession, revelations like these can give donor governments just the excuse they need to pull the plug.So the consequences are potentially very serious. But what has happened to cause the first dominoes to tumble? You'd think it must be some new and terrible revelation. In fact, it was a story on an agency newswire based on a report from October that is on the Global Fund's website. Although the fund does well in preventing its money being misused, it can't stop it entirely. The report of its inspector general detailed the corruption that had been found in a number of countries - and the steps that had been taken to root out the corruption and get the mone ドイツ、アイルランド、スウェーデンは、アフリカ諸国による補助金の不正使用に対するエイズ、結核、マラリアと闘うための世界基金への支払いを停止している
- Polio vaccines: extra government funding comes with strings attached| Sarah Boseley
Will David Cameron's idea to leverage extra funding for polio eradication work in a recession? David Cameron pledges £40m for polio vaccines at DavosBritain is to double the amount of money it contributes to the effort to stamp out polio, from £20m to £40m a year over the next two years – but unusually, it comes with strings attached.The increase in funding will only be paid on two conditions. The first is in keeping with the international development secretary's stick-and-carrot aid philosophy that says that incentives to better practice must be built in and results measured.Countries will have to strengthen their routine immunisation programmes – which means improving the work of clinics and outreach teams so that more children receive basic vaccinations, such as measles and DTP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, or whooping cough).But the second condition is unusual. The extra £20m a year will only be paid if other countries or organisations put in more cash. Britain will pay £1 for every £5 contributed by others. The idea is to leverage extra funding from countries that might be thinking of cutting back on their aid spending in recession. If it works, it is a triumph. If it doesn't, the polio eradication effort will be short even of the British contribution.The idea is not original. The US pledged to contribute a third of the funding for the Global Fund to fight Aids, TB and Malaria, which put pressure on the EU and other donors to step up their contributions. It did have some of the desired effect, but that was before the financial downturn.AidPolioSarah Boseleyguardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2011 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
不況のポリオ撲滅活動に活用し余分な資金調達への意志David Cameronさんのアイデア? DavosBritainは、ポリオを撲滅するための努力に貢献する金銭の額を2倍にするのデビッドキャメロンは、次の2年間£ 40メートル年間£ 20メートルから、ポリオワクチンのための£ 40メートルに質権を設定した - しかし、珍しく、それはひもが付属しています
- Video, World TB day: Expensive tuberculosis drugs out of reach to India's poorest
Treatment of tuberculosis in India through education and drug programmes is improving, but many people - to poor to afford the drugs needed to treat multi-resistant strains - are falling through the net
治療教育と薬物のプログラムを通じて、インドで結核のために、多くの人々 - に薬を多耐性菌 - を扱うために必要な余裕が貧困層を介して下落して改善しているネット
- The Global Fund is leading the fight against Aids, TB and malaria | Carla Bruni-Sarkozy
The virtual elimination of the transmission of HIV from mothers to their children is realistic by 2015In January I visited a village hospital two hours' drive from Benin's capital, Cotonou. Along with Michel Kazatchkine, the Global Fund's executive director, we were we were joined by Melinda Gates. And among the people we met was Françoise Ade, a woman whose husband abandoned her when he found out she was HIV-positive. Françoise's husband later died of Aids-related causes, but her son Gabriel was born free of HIV because Françoise was able to follow a course of anti-retroviral therapy for free.Françoise and almost one million other mothers like her, who are living with HIV, have over the past few years been given the chance to have healthy babies because of a dramatic intensification of a global effort to turn the tide against Aids.An important milestone in that effort was the creation in 2002 of the Global Fund to Fight Aids, TB and Malaria – three global epidemics which claim millions of lives every year. A programme supported by the Global Fund enabled Françoise to give birth to a healthy son.The establishment of the Global Fund followed the launch in 2000 by the United Nations of the Millennium Development Goals, setting ambitious targets to eradicate poverty's root causes. With over $19bn (£12bn) committed in 140 countries, the Global Fund has rapidly become the world's major multilateral source of finance for nationally-owned health programmes, supported by development partners, working to fight these diseases.More than five million people have gained access to Aids treatment in the developing world in the last 10 years. Aids mortality has decreased in most high-burden countries and the number of new HIV infections is also decreasing in most parts of the world.But 子供たちに母親からHIV感染の事実上の排除は2015In 1月まで現実的な私は村の病院をベナンの首都コトヌーから車で2時間訪問される
- Millennium development goals in an age of fear and loathing | Jeffery Sachs
For the rich world's crises as much as Africa's, the millennium development goals are ever more vitalThe world's continuing dedication to a set of global goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease is no small triumph in an era marked by cynicism, the fraying of social bonds and the widespread fears of economic dislocation. The millennium development goals have come through a week of UN summitry not only intact but invigorated. The goals, it turns out, are doing double duty: helping the poor countries to fight poverty and the rich countries to preserve a sense of social solidarity.The surprising fact of this year's MDG summit, marking the 10th year of goals with five years left till the target date of 2015, was the widespread social progress that had been made since 2000. Africa, the hot spot of their challenge, is undoubtedly in better shape today than when they were launched. Most of the continent's wars are scaled back or ended. Most of the continent is enjoying economic growth and, for many, at the highest levels since independence. The Aids, TB, and malaria pandemics are at least partly in check. Child mortality rates are declining.These gains are being achieved despite recession in the US and Europe, which in earlier times might have sent Africa into a tailspin. It used to be said that when the US and Europe caught a cold, the developing world caught pneumonia. No longer. The poor countries are going about their business while the developed economies convalesce.There are at least four reasons. The first is China. China was everywhere at the MDG summit, with PM Wen Jiabao and team declaring eloquently China's intention to engage deeply with Africa, fighting AIDS, investing in infrastructure and industry, and buying Africa's export commodities. Where China is today, アフリカのと同じくらい豊かな世界の危機については、ミレニアム開発目標は、貧困、飢餓や病気と闘うためのグローバルな目標のセットに複数vitalThe世界の継続的な努力がこれまでの時代には小さな勝利であるが、皮肉で社会的結合のほつれマークと経済的混乱の広範な懸念
- Civil servants told Tony Blair a Catholic could not be ambassador to Vatican | Nicholas Watt
Former prime minister explains his role in allowing the first Catholic to serve as British envoy to the Holy SeeTony Blair has given a fascinating interview to the BBC about two subjects dear to his heart. One of these is well known: the Catholic Church. The other is less well known: it is Francis Campbell, the British ambassador to the Vatican who was one of Blair's favourite officials in Downing Street.The former prime minister, who is planning to expand his faith organisation across the US, recalls his incredulous response when officials told him that it would not be possible to appoint Campbell as ambassador to the Holy See because he is, er, a Catholic.Campbell, 39, is from Northern Ireland and worked as Blair's private secretary between 2001-03 before leaving to work as a diplomat and then for Amnesty International after feeling uncomfortable about the Iraq war. He was appointed ambassador to the Vatican in 2005 after an open competition.This is what the former prime minister told a BBC One documentary about Campbell that has been aired in Northern Ireland and is still available on the iPlayer:One of the funny things about the Yes, Prime Minister show is that if you have actually done the job you realise it is parody but, my goodness, it is parody close to the truth. One of the great Sir Humphrey moments was when the ambassadorship to the Holy See became vacant.Blair recalls the following conversation with officials:TB: Well, Francis would be a great person to do that.Official: Well, I don't know whether you know this prime minister but actually we don't really have this open to Catholics.TB: Sorry, how do you mean? We're talking about the Vatican.Official: Yes I know, not a Catholic there.TB: It's the Vatican. I mean are we talking about the same thing? The Pope 元内閣総理大臣は、最初のカトリックの聖SeeTonyブレア首相に英国の特使として、BBCに心を大切に2つのテーマについての魅惑的なインタビューを与えて提供できるように彼の役割について説明します
- Wallace Fox obituary
Medical researcher who revolutionised the treatment of TBWallace Fox, who has died aged 89, was the leader of the Medical Research Council (MRC) programme that developed the standard worldwide treatment of tuberculosis. TB sanatoriums closed by the end of the 1960s after he showed that home treatment was just as good, and then he shortened the period of treatment from a year to six months. The work he did at the MRC tuberculosis research unit, in collaboration with many researchers elsewhere, helped change TB from being an untreatable disease to one that can be alleviated in both rich and poor countries – a major medical advance.Wallace was born in Bristol, where he attended Cotham grammar school, and undertook his medical education in London at Guy's hospital, followed by hospital posts at Guy's, Preston Hall sanatorium, Kent, and then in London at the Hammersmith chest clinic. He caught TB himself soon after medical qualification, and was treated with bed rest for two years at the Bristol Royal Infirmary.He joined the staff of the MRC tuberculosis research unit, directed by Philip D'Arcy Hart, in 1952. At that time, half of those who developed TB died from it, but new anti-bacterial drugs, such as streptomycin and isoniazid, were being introduced to treat the disease. The principal method for TB control then considered by the World Health Organisation (WHO) was BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination. But Wallace took an early decision to concentrate on treatment, thus anticipating a later change in WHO policy.TB treatment was primitive. The first clinical trial had shown that treatment with streptomycin alone resulted in drug-resistant tubercle bacilli. But when streptomycin was combined with PAS (para-aminosalicylic acid) or, better, with the more potent isoniaz TBWallaceフォックス、89歳で死亡したの治療に革命をもたらしました医療研究者は、医学研究評議会(MRC)は結核の世界標準治療を開発プログラムの指導者だった
- Fears grow over global drug resistance
Too little attention has been paid to the dangers that drugs will become resistant to diseases in the developing world, report warns.Unprecedented efforts are being made to get medicines to people in poor countries to treat killer diseases such as Aids, tuberculosis and malaria. But too little attention is being paid to the real danger that these drugs will run out of impact. A report today from the Center for Global Development in Washington says we need to wake up - there are measures that can be taken to stop drug resistance building.It's always been a scourge of Europe and the USA. Penicillin long ago stopped being the miracle cure it once appeared to be. Bacteria and viruses are smart organisms that will mutate, given the slightest weakness in the drugs being used against them - which is why it is vital that we finish a course of antibiotics.But when drugs are precious, money is short and diseases all too often kill, as in the developing world, a failure to guard against drug resistance has powerful potential consequences. We have had MDR TB (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis) for some years. More recently came the first reports of XDR TB, extremely drug resistant tuberculosis, in South Africa. The drugs to treat it would not have been affordable even if they had been available.Nancy Birdsall, president of CGD, put it this way:Drug resistance is a serious problem that doesn't get serious attention. It is hard to see that people are dying from drug resistance - but they are. We know what actions are needed to fix the problem. We just lack the incentives, institutions and global leadership to get on with it.The report has recommendations for a range of bodies: for instance, drug companies must help ensure their products are safe and effective even after they are sold, 少なすぎる注意薬は病気に耐性発展途上国でとなる危険性、warns.Unprecedented努力を報告する貧しい国の人々にエイズ、結核、マラリアなどのキラーの病気を治療する薬を得るために行われている支払われている
- Global Fund freezes grants to Zambia over fraud
The Global Fund for Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria stops payments to the Zambian government over corruption, while activists in South Africa plan a march on the US consulate there in protest at Obama's reduced funding for AidsThe Global Fund to fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria has frozen its grants to the Zambian government, following revelations of fraud within the Ministry of Health, it said today.The Fund stopped payments to the Ministry in August last year, it said, but confirmation came only today as news of the freeze - always a sensitive issue - leaked out. Grants worth $120 million have not been paid, although $17 million has been handed over through other channels to guard against the disruption of life-saving services, such as the supply of Aids drugs.Money is still being paid to civil society organisations, which have received $180 million. This is the Global Fund's account of what happened:The freeze in disbursement came after Zambian authorities last year uncovered fraud within its own Ministry of Health. Further investigations by the Global Fund showed that the Ministry of Health was not able to safely manage grants. The organization has demanded the return of US$8 million in unspent funds from the Ministry of Health. The Global Fund has also demanded that Zambia takes action against individuals found to be involved in the unaccounted expenditures that led to the freezing of grant disbursements.The Fund says the money should be flowing again within two months, but through the UN Development Programme instead of the Ministry of Health.Meanwhile the Treatment Action Campaign, Medecins Sans Frontieres and others are planning a march on the US Consulate in Johannesburg tomorrow in protest at Obama's cuts in funding for Pepfar, the President's emergency pla 米国にいる南アフリカでの活動計画が行進を世界基金エイズのために、結核、マラリアが破損して、そこに抗議のAidsThe世界基金のオバマ氏の低減資金では、結核マラリア対策は、凍結しているエイズと闘うためにザンビア政府に支払いを領事館を停止します
- Obama gets brickbats and plaudits over global health budget
Hot on the heels of the Gates Foundation $10 billion donation to vaccines and Bill and Melinda's impassioned pleas to governments to increase their aid comes President Obama's budget announcement, which has attracted both praise and blame.Among those who say he is a good guy is the Global Health Council, lauding him for a 9% increase in the Fiscal Year 2011 budget request to Congress. This is their analysis of how the money is to be parcelled out.The Council is happy that there are increases for maternal and child health and malaria and family planning (Obama lifted the Global Gag or Mexico City rule imposed by Bush which prevented any US funds going to overseas organisations including UN agencies which were prepared even to discuss abortion with women). But other organisations are not happy and foremost among the critics is the formidable Jeff Sachs of Columbia University, who has labelled the budget request a Very Big Disappointment. Read his full comments on the Global Aids Alliance site here. Sachs plays the security card and reproaches the Obama administration:If we invest only four percent of the military spending in the development approach it's going to be a very unhappy world and a very dangerous world for us in terms of health, in terms of poverty, in terms of conflict. I expected better of the administration. This President campaigned with wonderful words pointing out that development was a path to national security but he's not following through in real programmatic terms. It seems a shame if scarcity of cash means Aids has to be played off against maternal health, when both urgently need more money. And US donations to the Global Fund for HIV/Aids, TB and Malaria, which has proven to be a very effective way of channelling donor cash into good disease-figh ホットゲイツ財団のかかとを政府にワクチンやビルアンドメリンダの熱烈な嘆願に100億ドルの寄付金の援助を増やすには、両方の称賛と人の彼はいいやつなんだと言うblame.Amongを集めているオバマ大統領の予算案発表は、付属されグローバル衛生審議会は、平成7年議会は2011年予算の概算要求では、9%増加したために。賞賛する
- Beyond badgers' furry faces, a hard call | Anne Perkins
Typically for New Labour, the badger cull debate is long and intractable – no matter how deeply Brian May caresThere are lots of ways one might bookend the New Labour years, if they are indeed coming to an end. One of the more obscure is the long and intractable argument about badgers. Not badgers as in cute, furry black-and-white creatures that we all love to glimpse pottering down rural roads at night, but badgers as evil, the reservoirs of a kind of tuberculosis that they give to cows, and that cows give to them. It illustrates all Labour's caution, the desire to appease every shade of opinion, the emphasis on fact and the capitulation to emotion – in fact all the stuff of daily politics. And after 13 years, a conclusion is no nearer than it was in 1997.The badger debate brings head-on conflict between the economics of farming and the passionate defenders of the rights of animals, particularly wild animals. Both sides can marshall quantities of science to their support. They also tend to fall into rival political camps. To generalise more than a bit, farmers mostly aren't Labour and friends of the badgers mostly aren't Tory. Veterinary opinion leans to the farmers. The Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB that was set up to try to make sense of the evidence leans towards the badger. For a wonderful example of the ding-dong that results, see the Defra website.There are four important ways that bovine TB is spread. Badgers give it to badgers. Cows give it to cows. Badgers give it to cows. And cows give it to badgers. The rival positions might be caricatured like this: if you kill all the badgers and all the cows with TB, then you'll cure the problem. But if you kill all the badgers (because you can't tell which ones have TB) and left the cows, or if you kill all t 場合は、実際には終わりに近づいている一般的に新しい労働、アナグマの処分議論が長くて、難治性のための - どんなに深くブライアンメイcaresThere 1新労。歳ブックエンドような方法を大量にあります
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