- REUVEN BRENNER : Bees build a sweeter economy
Frugality does little to improve an economy, as Bernard de Mandeville made poetically clear two centuries before he was championed (not altogether accurately) by John Maynard Keynes. Remedies work when they are designed to raise expectations and restart the entrepreneurial engine. 倹約は、彼がジョンメイナードケインズによって（ではない完全に正確に）擁護される前に、ベルナールドデヴィルが詩的に明確な二世紀を作ったとして、経済を向上させるために少し行います
- News Analysis: Europe is Turning Its Back on Keynes’s Cure for Recession
In the land of his birth, John Maynard Keynes’s view that deficit spending is crucial to avoiding a long recession has lately been willfully ignored. 彼の誕生の地では、ジョンメイナードケインズのビューには、赤字財政支出は、最近意図的に無視されている長期不況を回避することが重要であることを確認します
- THE BEAR'S LAIR : Aliens to Keynes' rescue
Keynesianism is a weapon of intellectual charlatanism; a suggestion that a fiscal stimulus caused by a fake alien invasion of the United States would best rescue the US economy, even if slightly witty, is an example of its bankrupt message. - Martin Hutchinson ケインズ主義は、知的いかさまの武器であり、提案は、米国の偽のエイリアンの侵略によって引き起こされる財政刺激策が最善の少しでも気の利いた場合、米国経済を救うという、その破産メッセージの例です
- America faces a jobs depression | Robert Reich
Keynes was right: only government can get us out of this jobs slump. And only taxing wealth can restore US prosperityThe Reverend Al Sharpton and various labor unions announced Wednesday a March for Jobs. But I'm afraid we'll need more than marches to get jobs back. Since the start of the Great Recession at the end of 2007, the potential labor force of the United States – that is, working-age people who want jobs – has grown by over 7 million. But since then, the number of Americans who actually have jobs has shrunk by more than 300,000.In other words, we're in a deep hole – and the hole is deepening. In August, the United States created no jobs at all. Zero. America's ongoing jobs depression – which is what it deserves to be called – is the worst economic calamity to hit this nation since the Great Depression. It's also terrible news for President Obama, whose chances for re-election now depend almost entirely on the Republican party putting up someone so vacuous and extremist that the nation rallies to Obama regardless.The problem is on the demand side. Consumers (whose spending is 70% of the economy) can't boost the American economy on their own. They're still too burdened by debt, especially on homes that are worth less than their mortgages. In addition, their jobs are disappearing, their pay is dropping, their medical bills are soaring.Businesses, for their part, won't hire without more sales. So we're in a vicious cycle. The question is what to do about it. When consumers and businesses can't boost the economy on their own, the responsibility must fall to the purchaser of last resort. As John Maynard Keynes informed us 75 years ago, that purchaser is the government. Government can hire people directly to maintain the nation's parks and playgrounds and to help in s ケインズは正しかった：唯一の政府が私たちをこの仕事のスランプから抜け出すことができます
- Why Keynesianism Doesn't Work: Part II
Let us ignore what we said in the previous post, that the absence of the 1946 recession causes a serious problem for the entire idea of Keynesianism. Let us instead accept that it does work at times and not at others. So, what we'd like to do is work out when and where for each. 1946年不況の欠如はケインズ主義の全体の考えのための深刻な問題を引き起こすことを、私たちは以前の記事で言ったことを無視してみましょう
- Corporate America Forgot To 'Pop The Clutch'
Much like trying to get a stalled manual transmission car to restart, Keynes? prescription for restarting the economy is tantamount to ?popping the clutch.? There needs to be someone (fiscal spending, monetary policy) pushing the vehicle (the economy) and then a driver (corporate America) to ?pop the clutch? and hit the accelerator. 非常に、ケインズを再起動するストールマニュアルトランスミッションの車を取得しようとするような？経済を再起動するための処方は、のと同じことですか
- Republicans Are Right To Cut The IRS Budget
One of my many frustrations of working in Washington is dealing with perpetual-motion-machine assertions. The classic example is Keynesian economics, which is based on the notion that you magically create additional economic activity by having the government spend money instead of allowing the private sector to decide how it gets spent (in an especially bizarre display of this thinking, Nancy Pelosi actually said that subsidizing unemployment was the best way to create jobs). ワシントンでの作業の私の多くの不満の一つは、永久運動マシンアサーションを扱っている
- An Age Of Irreducible Uncertainty
We are again living in an age of irreducible uncertainty. An era of unpredictable and dangerous risks to the global economy-- and therefore an undermining of confidence in financial markets. It's what John Maynard Keynes explained is the single greatest cause of economic instability. If you have economic instability you get financial instability. Irreducible uncertainty equals inherent financial instability. 我々は再び既約不確実性の時代に生きている
- How the US can fix its QE2 problem | Kevin Gallagher and Stephany Griffith-Jones
G20 countries had issues with the US devaluing the dollar, but the solution lies in cooperation on capital controlsBen Bernanke has been criticised from different sides and perspectives for quantitative easing. From one side, inflation hawks prefer austerity over expansion. Those who favour expansion and growth have valid concerns that it may not work and, instead, have negative global effects. At the G20, the United States got criticised – rightly – by emerging countries for the negative impact of QE2 on their economies. The results of the recent US elections make it very difficult for the US to pursue the first best policy to keep its economy recovering: further fiscal expansion, for a time. As Keynes taught us, and we have seen during numerous crises, private investment and consumption will not recover on their own (due both to over-leveraging and lack of confidence), without the stimulus of aggregate demand, which only governments can give in these particular circumstances. Once the recovery is on track, fiscal policy needs to contract, to avoid both overheating and excessive public debt. The Fed has already brought the short-term interest rate to zero, so Bernanke, to his credit, has ventured into the emergency toolkit. The Fed chairman should be applauded for his willingness to think past convention. As one of the last policy-makers in developed countries with significant economic power, he is now almost the sole voice for expansionary economic policy.However, on its own, QE2 may, indeed, not be enough to restore the US economy to growth; and it will contribute to further overheating of asset prices in the emerging economies, which could not just complicate macroeconomic management for them now, but also increase the risk of future crises.To ensure QE2 helps the G20諸国は、ドルを切り下げ、米国との問題を抱えてソリューションは、さまざまな側面と量的緩和の観点から批判されている資本controlsBenバーナンキの協力にある
- My Lord Skidelsky Doesn't Seem To Know His Economics
I've always been a little puzzled by the reputation M'Lord Skidelsky has. He has been the author of a magnificent biography of Keynes, this is true, but that's also rather a long way from being an insightful, or even competent, economist himself. 私はいつもM。。u0026#39;Lordスキデルスキーが持っている評判がいささか困惑をしてきた
- Why We Must Reduce the Taxes on the Rich: The Keynesian Argument
This little piece referring to the UK caught my eye. It provides the Keynesian argument about why we must reduce taation of the rich: and even, why we must increase the taxation of the poor. I agree, not usually thought of as Keynesian arguments but bear with me: 英国を参照するこの小さな作品は、私の目にとまった
- 揺れている ・・・・
· 死ぬ直前に残した言葉は・・・ “my only regret in life is that i did not drink more champagne.” （ 人生のただ一つの後悔は 、シャンパンをもっと飲まなかったことだ
- We Are All Macs Now
When Milton Friedman passed away in 2006, Lawrence Summers, a Keynesian, noted in his obituary:
Not so long ago, we were all Keynesians. Equally, any honest Democrat will admit that we are now all Friedmanites.
Something very similar can be said of the life and work of Steve Jobs. Not so long ago, we were all PCs. Equally, we are all Macs now. ミルトンフリードマンは2006年に亡くなった時、ローレンスサマーズ、ケインズは、彼の死亡記事に記載されている：少し前に、我々はすべてケインズ派だった
- Hayek Is Wrong, And So Is Bernanke: The Coming Recession Will Be Deflationary
Rising deficits and a global economic slowdown, coupled with a financial market meltdown, have put into question the effectiveness of policy, both fiscal and monetary. With Hayekians bashing Keynesians for excessive spending and demanding deep budget cuts, the Levy Forecasting Center?s head researcher explains how QE2?s failure to spark a ?wealth effect? delivered its own failure, and why there will be a double-dip recession given a lack of efficiently allocated fiscal stimulus. Gold?s skyrocketing price is a reflection of a ?loss of confidence in the economy?s ability to produce goods and services,? says the economist. ライジング赤字と金融市場のメルトダウンと相まって世界的な景気後退は、財政と金融の両方、質問に政策の効果を入れている
- Business podcast: Dotcom boom or new media bubble?
When LinkedIn was floated on the New York stock exchange last week its share price doubled on the first day. It's led some analysts to warn of an impending rerun of the dotcom bubble that burst in 2000. The Guardian's technology editor Charles Arthur is less pessimistic and sees genuine value in Microsoft's purchase of Skype.Also on the panel this week we have the Guardian's economics editor Larry Elliott, the Observer's business editor Andrew Clark and the director of the Bretton Woods Project Peter Chowla.As the candidates to replace Dominique Strauss-Kahn step up their we examine the challenges facing the IMF, and why the top job always goes to a European. Angelique Chrisafis, our Paris correspondent, outlines why French finance minister Christine Lagarde is the hot favourite. And finally: Russ Roberts, professor of economics at George Mason university explains how he co-wrote two hit YouTube rap videos about John Maynard Keynes and Frederich Hayek. Leave your thoughts below.Aditya ChakraborttyLarry ElliottAndrew ClarkAngelique ChrisafisPhil Maynard
LinkedInは先週、ニューヨーク証券取引所に浮上したとき、その株価は初日に倍増した
- Letters: Keynesian balance
Larry Elliott (US closer to nuclear option in the currency war, 11 October) didn't explain what Keynes suggested at Bretton Woods in 1944 to cope with global payments imbalances and to induce symmetrical adjustment of surplus and deficit countries. Surplus countries would have been penalised with ever higher interest rates on their surpluses with his proposed International Clearing Union in excess of their quotas. Why is the International Monetary Fund not now considering a similar scheme of charging interest on countries' surpluses in excess of their quotas with the IMF, to discourage large supluses and provide resources for greater lending to poor deficit countries? That would be a sensible way forward without relying on nominal currency realignments which, in any case, haven't been noticeably successful in rectifying payments imbalances in the past.Professor Tony ThirlwallUniversity of KentIMFGlobal economyEconomicsguardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
ケインズは、グローバルな決済の不均衡に対処するために黒字と赤字国の対称調整を誘導するために1944年にブレトンウッズで提示したものラリーエリオットは（米国に近い通貨戦争で核オプション10月11日）説明していない
- Randeep Ramesh explains: What's happened to the UK's population?
The Guardian's social affairs editor gives us a sneak peak into the first in a week of supplements on the state of the UK - and the full dataset behind it• Get the data• Don't miss a week of these definitive guides to the UK in The Guardian and The Observer. Tomorrow: population; Sunday: economy; Monday: crime; Tuesday: education; Wednesday: environment; Thursday: health; Friday: politicsWhen John Maynard Keynes surveyed the world in the 1930s, his concern was that Britain, then the greatest empire in the world, faced having too few people. Today the issue is of over- rather than under-population. By 2050 Britain for the first time in history will become the most populous nation in western Europe.The last three decades have seen an upward swing in British women's fertility - who thanks to emancipation and technology have children in their thirties and forties. Since 2001, Britons have more children but have fewer marriages. Marriage is not for life, but on average a decade in Britain. More births are out of wedlock. Abortion, legalised in 1967, has risen slowly - although this in part reflects the increase in fertility. Changes in the law and the labour market have seen women have the number of children that they say they want. This is a trend. Fathers have also seen paternity rights and responsibilities become part of public debate.Economics as ever drives decisions on who lives where. No surprise perhaps the south east boomed. If trends continue Milton Keynes will probably become a bigger city than Liverpool and Nottingham by the middle of the century. What was not considered in the past was the inevitability of population ageing - as life expectancy improves. By 2050 more than half of Britons will be fifty or older. Today this elder generation controls four-fifths t 保護者の社会情勢のエディタは私たちにこっそりサプリメントの週の最初のに英国の状態にピークを与える - との背後には、データ•は1週間、これらの決定的なガイドの英国にお見逃しなく取得がいっぱいデータセット『ガーディアン』とオブザーバー
- The wrong way for the Fed to go about regaining face | Joseph Stiglitz
Quantitative easing may seem an answer to the US's problems, but any benefits would likely be offset by the costsWith interest rates near zero, the US Federal Reserve and other central banks are struggling to remain relevant. The last arrow in their quiver is quantitative easing (QE), and it is likely to be almost as ineffective in reviving the US economy as anything else the Fed has tried in recent years. Worse, QE is likely to cost taxpayers a bundle, while impairing the Fed's effectiveness for years to come.John Maynard Keynes argued that monetary policy was ineffective during the great depression. Central banks are better at restraining markets' irrational exuberance in a bubble – restricting the availability of credit or raising interest rates to rein in the economy – than at promoting investment in a recession. That is why good monetary policy aims to prevent bubbles from arising.But the Fed, captured for more than two decades by market fundamentalists and Wall Street interests, not only failed to impose restraints, but acted as cheerleader. And, having played a central role in creating the current mess, it is now trying to regain face.In 2001, lowering interest rates seemed to work, but not the way it was supposed to. Rather than spurring investment in plant and equipment, low interest rates inflated a real-estate bubble. This enabled a consumption binge, which meant debt was created without a corresponding asset, and encouraged excessive investment in real estate, resulting in excess capacity that will take years to eliminate.The best that can be said for monetary policy over the past few years is that it prevented the direst outcomes that could have followed Lehman Brothers' collapse. But no one would claim that lowering short-term interest rates spurred invest 量的緩和は、米国の問題への答えに見えるかもしれない何も利点はおそらくゼロに近いcostsWith金利で相殺される、米連邦準備制度理事会や他の中央銀行は、関連するままに必死になっている
- G20: Make poverty history, but not just yet | Editorial
The development agenda will take a back seat as the summit focuses on how to remedy Europe's lurch back to fiscal austerityThe new kid on the block says that too often international meetings fail to live up to the hype and promises made. The old hand in the room just wants to get through this G20 summit without further defections from her party. Both David Cameron and Angela Merkel sit astride uneasy coalitions and could ultimately share the same political fate, if, as a result of sharply contractionary medicine, their national economies lurch into Japanese-style doldrums.From where the last Keynesian in town – Barack Obama – sits, Europe's lurch back to fiscal austerity could not be timed worse. The recovery just seemed to be taking hold and China at last did the right thing by allowing its currency to revalue against the dollar, after two years of keeping it low to protect its economy. Washington's view on this is shared by Brazil and India. What does the debt-riddled eurozone go and do, but put everything back into the deep freeze. The EU will argue until it is blue in the face that budget cuts amounting to 1% of GDP are not excessive compared to an average EU budget deficit of 6.6%, but these are not normal times. The EU is asking the US to act as the consumer of last resort. Fiscal contractions can be expansionary, if what is cut is the government wage bill and welfare payments alone, but like brain surgery, a lot more healthy tissue would die as well. At best these are long-term projects and what are needed are measures to sustain a fragile recovery now.This is not the only deep rift in Toronto today. Many members of the G20 like Canada have healthy, orthodox banks, and do not see why they should be penalised by regulation inspired by Europe's reckless ones. Germa 首脳会談は、欧州のを改善する方法について年度austerityThe新しい子供にブロックに戻ってよろめく焦点を当てて、開発アジェンダは後部座席にかかることもしばしば国際会議は、誇大広告に住んでいると約束したが失敗だ
|
